Pateikiame pamoką, kurioje rasite sąrašą bash skriptų, kurie padės lengviau atlikti kasdienius administravimo veiksmus Linux sistemų administratoriui. Šios komandos leidžia kasdieninias užduotis atlikti greičiau be pasikartojančių komandų vedimo.
Užduotis, kurias galite atlikti naudojant šiuos skriptus:
Norint patogiai matyti auksčiau pateiktą informaciją, turite įsidiegti bash skriptą. Visų pirmą jį atsisiųskite:
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sathisharthar/Admin-Scripts/master/sysinop
Paleiskite skriptą:
bash sysinop
arba:
sh sysinop
Tada Jums bus pateikiamas meniu:
Fri Mar 6 13:52:56 EET 2020--------------------------- Main Menu---------------------------1. Operating system info
2. Hostname and dns info
3. Network info
4. Who is online
5. Last logged in users
6. Free and used memory info
7. Get my ip address
8. My Disk Usage
9. Process Usage
10. Users Operations
11. File Operations
12. ExitEnter your choice [ 1 -12 ]
1. Operacinės sistemos informacija:
Įvedus 1 Jums bus pateikiama sistemos informacija, kaip pavyzdžiui:
---------------------------------------------------------------
System information
---------------------------------------------------------------
Operating system : Linux
LSB Version: :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch:cxx-4.1-amd64:cxx-4.1-noarch:desktop-4.1-amd64:desktop-4.1-noarch:languages-4.1-amd64:languages-4.1-noarch:printing-4.1-amd64:printing-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
Release: 7.7.1908
Codename: Core
Press [Enter] key to continue...
2. Hostname ir DNS informacija
Pateikiama DNS ir kita su IP susijusi informacija:
---------------------------------------------------------------
Hostname and DNS information
---------------------------------------------------------------
Hostname : con2
DNS domain : x-x-x.pro
Fully qualified domain name : con2.x-x-x.pro
Network address (IP) : x.x.x.x
DNS name servers (DNS IP) : x.x.x.x
x.x.x.x
Press [Enter] key to continue...
3. Tinklo informacija
Pateikiama visa NIC informacija bei viešų ir privačių IP adresų informacija:
---------------------------------------------------------------
Network information
---------------------------------------------------------------
Total network interfaces found : 3
*** IP Addresses Information ***
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
2: venet0: <BROADCAST,POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
inet 127.0.0.1/32 scope host venet0
inet x.x.x.x/32 brd x.x.x.x scope global venet0:0
inet x.x.x.x/8 brd x.x.x.x scope global venet0:1
***********************
*** Network routing ***
***********************
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
x.x.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 venet0
x.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 venet0
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 venet0
**************************************
*** Interface traffic information ***
**************************************
Kernel Interface table
Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
lo 65536 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LRU
venet0 1500 181111 0 0 0 124054 0 0 0 BOPRU
venet0:0 1500 - no statistics available - BOPRU
venet0:1 1500 - no statistics available - BOPRU
4. Prisijungusių naudotojų informacija
Pateikiama visų tuo metu prisijungusių prie serverio naudotojų sąrašą:
---------------------------------------------------------------
Who is online
---------------------------------------------------------------
NAME LINE TIME COMMENT
root pts/0 Mar 6 08:48 (x-x-x)admin :0 Mar 6 12:28 (x-x-x)
5. Paskutiniai prisijungę naudotojai
Pateikia paskutinių prisijungusių naudotojų istorija:
---------------------------------------------------------------
List of last logged in users
---------------------------------------------------------------
root pts/0 x.x.x Fri Mar 6 08:48 still logged in
root :0 x.x.x Fri Mar 6 12:28 still logged in
reboot system boot 2.6.32-042stab14 Fri Mar 6 08:45 - 14:17 (05:32)
wtmp begins Fri Mar 6 08:45:24 2020
6. Laisvos ir panaudotos atminties informacija
Pateikiama visa informacija apie atmintį, kuri naudojama serverio ir laisvos bei naudojamos atminties kiekius:
---------------------------------------------------------------
Free and used memory
---------------------------------------------------------------
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 16384 22 15476 0 884 16278
Swap: 0 0 0
*********************************
*** Virtual memory statistics ***
*********************************
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
0 0 0 15848084 0 905864 0 0 0 17 0 4 0 0 100 0 0
***********************************
*** Top 5 memory eating process ***
***********************************
sshd 2263 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? Z 14:24 0:00 \_ [sshd] <defunct>
rpc 1232 0.0 0.0 69228 1308 ? Ss 10:45 0:00 /sbin/rpcbind -w
root 2270 0.0 0.0 4324 548 pts/0 S+ 14:24 0:00 | \_ head -5
root 2269 0.0 0.0 18980 780 pts/0 S+ 14:24 0:00 | \_ sort -nr -k 4
root 2268 0.0 0.0 51700 1696 pts/0 R+ 14:24 0:00 | \_ ps auxf
7. Serverio IP adreso pateikimas
---------------------------------------------------------------
Public IP information
---------------------------------------------------------------
212.24.110.243
8. Disko atminties informacija
Pateikia procentinę dalį visos išnaudotos atminties kiekiui:
---------------------------------------------------------------
Disk Usage Info
---------------------------------------------------------------
1% /
9. Naudojami procesai
Pateikiamas meniu paprastesnei procesų peržiūrai:
1. Pateikiami visi veikiantys procesai:
root 1 0 0 08:45 ? 00:00:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 26
root 2 1 0 08:45 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd/4642]
root 3 2 0 08:45 ? 00:00:00 [khelper/4642]
root 105 1 0 08:45 ? 00:00:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
root 132 1 0 08:45 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
dbus 137 1 0 08:45 ? 00:00:01 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon--system--address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation
root 683 1 0 08:46 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
root 838 1 0 08:46 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root 942 1 0 08:46 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/crond -n
root 1034 1 0 08:46 tty2 00:00:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty2 linux
root 1035 1 0 08:46 tty1 00:00:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear --keep-baud console 115200,38400,9600 vt220
root 1042 838 0 08:48 ? 00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root 1044 1042 0 08:48 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash
root 1138 1 0 09:05 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 1139 1138 0 09:05 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 1140 1138 0 09:05 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 1141 1138 0 09:05 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
2. Proceso nutraukimas
Suteikia galimybę nutraukti procesą pagal jo ID numerį:
Please enter the PID of the process you would like to kill:3214
3. TOP komandos pateikimas
Atidaromi top komandos rezultatai:
4. Grįžimas į pagrindinį meniu.
5. Shut down - serverio išjungimas.
10. Naudotojų veiksmai
Jums bus pateikiamas papildomas meniu su pasirinkimais:
1. Naudotojo sukūrimas:
Turite įvesti naudotojo vardą, grupę ir pilną vardą:
Please enter the new username below: (NO SPACES OR SPECIAL CHARACTERS!)
test
Please enter a group for the new user: (STILL NO SPACES OR SPECIAL CHARACTERS!)
test
What is the new user's full name? (YOU CAN USE SPACES HERE IF YOU WANT!)
testas
New user test created successfully.
(press ENTER to continue)
2. Grupės pakeitimas naudotojui:
Which user needs to be in a different group? (USER MUST EXIST!)
test
What should be the new group for this user? (NO SPACES OR SPECIAL CHARACTERS!)
testas1
User test added to group testas1 successfully.
(press ENTER to continue)
3. Grupės sukūrimas:
Please enter a name for the new group below: (NO SPACES OR SPECIAL CHARACTERS!)
testass
Group testass created successfully.
(press ENTER to continue)
4. Naudotojo pašalinimas:
Please enter the username to be deleted below: (THIS CANNOT BE UNDONE!)
test
ARE YOU ABSOLUTELY SURE YOU WANT TO DELETE THIS USER? SERIOUSLY, THIS CANNOT BE UNDONE! y/n
y
User test deleted successfully.
(press ENTER to continue) (press ENTER to continue)
5. Pakeisti slaptažodį:
Which user's password should be changed?
testinis
Changing password for user testinis.
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Password for testinis changed successfully.
(press ENTER to continue)
6. Grįžti į pagrindinį meniu.
7. Shut down - išjungti serverį.
11. Veiksmai su failais
Suvedus atitinkamą skaičių bus atliekami tam tikri veiksmai su failais. Visi veiksmai atliekami tokiu pačiu principu, kaip ir ir 9tame ir 10 pagrindinio meniu punkte.